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Saint Petersburg was the capital of Imperial Russia for a little more than two centuries. During this time, more or less uninhabited swampland was turned into one of the grandest cities in all Europe. Palaces and monuments, parks and fortifications from this time were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as "Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments" in 1990. Also some older and newer sights are included.
It's a very spread out world heritage site, made up of 36 components around the city and some in Leningrad Oblast . Moreover some these are divided into subcomponents, and as such there are, depending on how one counts them, more than a hundred individual places to visit .
The names for the attractions follow the spelling used by UNESCO. Icons in blue denote cities, towns or districts, red the forts in the Gulf of Finland, green buildings, parks and other individual attractions, and yellow routes.
Get in and around
Most of the places on land are accessible by public transport – train, bus or if there's a body of water nearby – sometimes boat. Getting in by driving is also possible, though not necessary.
Central Saint Petersburg
The 59.937 30.306 1 Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg is the heart of this world heritage site. It covers most of the central parts of the city from Krestovsky Island in the northwest to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in the southeast. The classical landmarks of the city such as the Winter Palace, Peter and Paul Fortress, and Gostiny Dvor shopping arcades are all part of this component.
Kronstadt and forts
The island of Kotlin is in the middle of the Gulf of Finland outside Saint Petersburg and as such one could hardly think of a better place for forts to defend the city from naval attacks. Kronstadt, the city covering the island, was built simultaneously with Saint Petersburg for defensive purposes, and the world heritage component named 59.992 29.775 2 The Historical Part of the Town of Kronstadt is all about the sea, with the impressive Naval Cathedral, many museums, the tide gauge, former naval hospitals, admiralty, arsenal, dockyards, foundries, statues of admirals, and the school of marine engineering. Forts are dotted across the bay and on both shores, though some of them have been used for the Saint Petersburg Dam, protecting the city from flooding from the sea and doubling as the western part of the city's ring road.
Forts of the Island Kotlin
- 60.0262 29.6746 1 The Coastal fort “Shanetz” (“Alexander and Nikolai Shanetz”)
- 60.0325 29.636 2 The Coastal Fort «Reef» - at the island's western tip, where the Swedish actually landed, and were repelled, in 1704. It was constantly upgraded throughout the years. The remains seen nowadays are mostly from the Soviet era.
- 59.9953 29.7016 3 Fort Konstantin - nowadays, home to a museum of lighthouses. The remaining granite structures are picturesque.
Forts of the Gulf of Finland
- 60.0595 29.7205 4 Fort «Obrutchev» («Krasnoarmeysky»)
- 60.0857 29.8469 5 Fort «Totleben» («Pervomaysky»)
- 60.0296 29.7557 6 Northern battery No. 1
- 60.0284 29.7912 7 Northern battery No. 2
- 60.0233 29.8214 8 Northern battery No. 3
- 60.0217 29.8481 9 Northern battery No. 4 («Zverev»)
- 60.0221 29.8728 10 Northern battery No. 5
- 60.0273 29.8955 11 Northern battery No. 6
- 60.0317 29.9181 12 Northern battery No. 7
- 59.9743 29.717 13 Fort «Paul I» («Riesbank») - the site of a mysterious explosion during the Russian Revolution, is nowadays very derelict, with only a staircase still standing.
- 59.9796 29.7461 14 Fort «Kronshlot» - the "Crown Lock", Peter The Great's brainchild, guarding the main fairway's southern flank, was reputedly built in record time, during the winter, and caught the Swedish by surprise in the 1704 spring. Peter's building was swept by the 1824 flood, but it was reconstructed and modernized by orders of Nikolai I, a military engineer by heart, in the 1830s. It's well worth the visit.
- 59.9895 29.7178 15 Fort «Alexander I» - a "concrete battleship" type of sea fort at the fairway's entrance, it became famous as "Plague Island", when a vaccination lab worked in isolation at the beginning of the 20th century.
- 59.9898 29.7331 16 Fort «Peter I» - as of 2020, still an active military installation, with restricted access.
- 59.9496 29.7033 17 Southern battery No. 1
- 59.9575 29.7043 18 Southern battery No 2 («Dzichkanets»)
- 59.9724 29.6956 19 Southern battery No 3 («Milyutin»)
- 60.0424 29.5421 20 Tolbukhin Lighthouse on Tolbukhin Island
Forts of the Coast of the Gulf of Finland
- 60.1681 29.3764 21 Fort «Ino»
- 59.9909 29.2145 22 Fort «Seraya Loshad»
- 59.973 29.319 23 Krasnaya Gorka - a coastal artillery fortress, decommissioned in 1960 and partially demolished. Now a World War II informal memorial site, full of vintage military hardware, a must-see for aficionados. The local authorities of Leningrad Oblast are discussing whether to convert the site into a military museum.
Civil Engineering
- 59.97 29.708 24 The Barrier of Cribwork
- 60.019 29.662 25 The Barrier of Pile
- 60.024 29.883 26 The Barrier of Stone
- 59.9426 31.0348 3 Schlisselburg . Old Ladoga and New Ladoga canals - Shlisselburg (German: "Key Castle") is where the Neva flows out of Lake Ladoga, and has a considerably older history than Saint Petersburg. The Oreshek (Russian: "Little Nut") fortress was built here in 1323, and in the same year a peace was made between Novgorod and Sweden at this fortress. Peter The Great conquered and renamed it, and later on used it as a prison. Along the southern shore of the lake, from here up to Svir river goes two canals; the Old Ladoga canal which was opened in 1731, and a bigger New Ladoga canal opened in 1866. The reason was to provide a safe shipping route for boats and log driving between Svir and Neva also during bad weather which meant rough seas on Lake Ladoga.
- 59.9537 31.0388 1 The ensemble of the Oreshek (Shlisselburgskaya) fortress
- 59.9425 30.6498 2 Koltushskaya Elevation
- 59.9375 30.654 3 Scientific Town-Institution of Physiologist I. P. Pavlov - In the settlement of Pavlovo is the laboratory of 1904 winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine, Ivan Pavlov. He conducted research on dogs to learn about their reflexes. It's set in the "Koltushi Elevation" one of the landforms around Saint Petersburg listed.
- 59.8312 30.5746 4 The Ensemble of the Zinoviev's Dacha (Estate «Bogoslovka»)
- 59.954 30.403 5 The Neva River with Banks - Rivers tend to be important to cities next to them, even more so back in the day when water transport was the fastest way for long distance travel, and Neva is no exception.
- 59.7161 30.3956 6 Historical Centre of the Town of Pushkin, including the Catherine Palace -the Catherine Palace, named after Catherine I, Peter the Great's wife, is the location of the infamous "Amber Room", stolen during the war, and later restored.
- 59.7214 30.3801 7 Alexander Palace and park, including the Park of Farm - the main residence of the last tsar Nikolai II and his family, heavily damaged during World War II, and still undergoing restoration. Parts of it have been reopened to the public.
- 59.716 30.359 8 The Babolovsky Park
- 59.706 30.4287 9 The Otdelny Park
- 59.6892 30.4348 10 Historical Centre of the Town of Pavlovsk, including the Pavlovsky Palace and Park
- 59.6797 30.4256 11 The Park «Alexandrova Datchs»
- 59.6539 30.4069 12 Yu. P. Samoilova's Villa
- 59.6785 30.4617 13 «The Menagerie»
- 59.6821 30.448 14 The Park «Mariental»
- 59.7717 30.3261 15 Pulkovskaya Observatory - the Russian Imperial equivalent to Greenwich Observatory .
- 59.7263 29.8634 16 The Palace and Park Ensemble of the Village of Ropsha - reputedly, here took place the murder of emperor Peter III by accomplices of his wife Catherine (the Great). During the World War II siege, a German command post was set up here and the area was heavily mined. As of 2020, it's still off-limits to visitation.
- 59.7512 29.6185 17 The Palace and Park Ensemble of the Village of Gostilitsy
- 59.6552 30.1555 18 The Palace and Park Ensemble of the Village of Taytsy. The Waterline Taytsky (system and equipment)
- 59.5682 30.1034 19 Historical Centre of the Town of Gatchina, including Gatchinsky Palace
- 59.5856 30.0946 20 Park «The Menagerie»
- 59.5535 30.1204 21 Prioratsky Park
- 59.732 29.909 22 Izhorsky Bench (Glint)
Dudergofskie Heights
- 59.694 30.171 23 Dudergofskaya Elevation
- 59.733 30.089 24 Krasnoe Selo
- 59.701 30.125 25 Dudergof (Mohzaisky)
South coast
- 59.8535 30.0901 26 The Monastery Troitse-Sergieva Pustin
- 59.8561 30.0588 27 Historical Centre of the Village of Strelna, including Strelninsky Palace
- 59.8505 30.0391 28 A.F.Orlov's Datcha
- 59.854 30.0331 29 P.K.Alexandrov's Datcha (Lvovsky Palace)
- 59.8634 29.991 30 The Palace and Park of the Mikhailovskaya Datcha («Mikhailovka»)
- 59.8755 29.9572 31 The Palace and Park of the Znamenskaya Datcha («Znamenka»)
- 59.8843 29.9087 32 Historical Centre of the Town of Peterhof, including the Palace and Park
- 59.877 29.9085 33 The Colonizer's Park
- 59.859 29.8909 34 The Lugovoy (Ozerkovy) Park
- 59.8795 29.8788 35 The English Park
- 59.8805 29.939 36 The Park «Alexandria»
- 59.8716 29.931 37 The Alexandriysky Park
- 59.8946 29.8726 38 The Park of the Farm of Prince of Oldenburg
- 59.8496 29.8902 39 The Water-bringing system of Peterhof
- 59.8973 29.8515 40 The Palace and Park Ensemble «Sobstvennaya Datcha»
- 59.8953 29.8389 41 The Palace and Park Ensemble «Sergievka»
- 59.9131 29.7473 42 Historical Centre of the Town of Lomonosov (Oranienbaum), including the Palace and Park Ensemble of the Upper Park and Lower Garden
- 59.9007 29.8305 43 The Mordvinov's Estate
- 59.9181 29.7332 44 The Maximov's Datcha
- 59.9216 29.7196 45 The Zubov's Estate «Otrada»
- 59.9245 29.6988 46 The Ratkov-Rozhnov'a Estate «Dubki»
- 59.9249 29.676 47 S.K.Grieg's Estate «Sans Ennui»
- 59.9254 29.6633 48 The Datcha of the Hospital
- 60.0765 30.3045 49 The Shuvalov's (E. A. Vorontsova-Dashkova) Estate «Pargolovo»
- 60.1159 30.253 50 The E. I. Lopukhina's (Levashov's, Viazemsky's) «Osinovaya Roshcha»
- 60.1559 29.8966 51 The I. Repin Estate «The Penates» - residence of master Russian painter Ilya Repin.
- 60.2045 29.7999 52 The Cemetery of the Village of Komarovo
- 60.234 29.531 53 Lindulovskaya Roshcha
- 60.1063 30.2584 54 Yukkovskaya Elevation
The Northern Coast
- 59.9901 30.1311 55 The Steinbok-Fermor's Estate
- 59.9956 30.1325 56 The Village of Olgino
- 60 30.033 57 The Park «Nearest Dubki»
- 60.0902 29.93 58 The Park «Dubki»
- 60.0846 29.9984 59 Sestroretsky Razliv
- 60.1901 29.7015 60 Terioki (Zelenogorsk)
Roads and fairways
- 59.86 30.322 1 Moskovskaya Road (Highway)
- 59.716 30.28 2 Kievskoe Highway
- 59.784 30.4 3 Railway Saint Petersburg - Pavlovsk
- 59.648 30.268 4 Highway Pushkin - Gatchina
- 59.771 30.237 5 Volkhonskoe Highway
- 59.8118 30.171 6 Tallinskoe Highway
- 59.8462 30.184 7 Peterhofskaya Road (Highway)
- 59.8418 29.9437 8 Ropshinskoe Highway
- 59.8555 29.7922 9 Gostilitskoe Highway
- 60.1963 29.6114 10 Primorskoe Highway
- 60.062 30.304 11 Vyborgskaya Road (Highway)
- 59.9436 30.6049 12 Koltushskoe Highway
- 59.9081 30.3463 13 Ligovsky prospect (former Ligovsky canal)
- 60.0102 29.7293 14 Kronstadtskoe Highway
The Fairways
- 60.002 29.634 15 The Maritime Channel
- 59.935 30.068 16 Petrovsky
- 59.968 29.992 17 Kronstadtsky
- 60.08 29.802 18 Zelenogorsky
The Memorial in memory of the defense of the city in 1941-1944 «the Green Belt of Glory of Leningrad»
- 59.816 30.855 19 The Blocade Ring
- 60.085 31.071 20 The Road of Life
- 59.812 29.711 21 Oranienbaumsky Springboard
- Russian Empire
- Soviet Union
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